Saggerson abstract the precambrian rocks of east africa are divisible into formations comprising the central nyanza shield bounded by the karagweankolean belt on the west and the mozambique belt to the east. Geology and geotectonic setting of the basement complex rocks in south western nigeria. Maps showing geology, oil and gas fields and geological provinces. Purchase precambrian geology of the ussr, volume 9 1st edition. The geology and engineering geology of roads in south africa.
Media in category geology of africa the following files are in this category, out of total. Lexa4 1british geological survey, keyworth, nottingham, uk 2institute of geology and mineral exploration, athens, greece 3university of napoli federico ii, naples, italy 4geological survey of slovak republic, bratislava, slovak republic. Oyinloye department of geology, university of adoekiti nigeria 1. This page was last edited on 15 december 2018, at 19.
This paper seeks to harmonise that record with the biblical record. Precambrian basement rocks, igneous and metamorphic, crop out along the western border with sudan. Olusiji samuel ayodele department of geology, ekiti state university, p. The geology of ohio the precambrian ohio department of. Precambrian basement complex rocks underlie three areas of nigeria. The journal of african earth sciences sees itself as the prime geological journal for all aspects of the earth sciences about the african plate. The precambrian is the least understood part of earth history, yet it. The african continent essentially consists of five ancient precambrian cratonskaapvaal, zimbabwe, tanzania, congo, and west african that were formed between about 3. Precambrian geology of the ussr, volume 9 1st edition. Africa, the second largest continent, covering about onefifth of the total land surface of earth. Stratigraphic and geochemical framework of the agouron drill cores,transvaal supergroup neoarcheanpaleoproterozoic,south africa stefan schroder paleoproterozoic mineralization research group, department of geology, university of johannesburg, auckland park 2006, south africa, email. Seychelles, and our onshore geology to readily assess the geological context of the seeps.
Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Also cenozoic volcanic and sedimentary rocks occur, including those of the east african rift valley transecting. Metamorphism in the precambrian of east africa by e. Late palaeozoic, mesozoic and cenozoic continental and marine sediments occur mainly in the eastern part of ethiopia. Consequently, understanding what appears to be its long and involved history is a challenge. Arcgis javascript arcgis online map viewer arcgis earth arcmap arcgis explorer view footprint in. The geology and related mineral and mining industry resulted in the economic development of south africa, which is still a significant contributor to the south african economy. A worldwide series of geologic maps, published on cdroms, was. The geology is described in terms of the following general regions. Gas fields and geologic provinces of africa page size 747 kb pdf. A new edition of the geological map of africa at the 1. Geology and mineral resources of west africa springerlink.
The gaoua mining district, underlain by paleoproterozoic volcanic and intrusive rocks of the boromogoren greenstone belt in southern burkina faso, is a rare case where economic copper and gold resources occur together in the birimian terrane of west africa. Introduction to the bushveld complex, south africa the bushveld complex, of palaeoproterozoic age, is located in the central northeast portion of the kaapvaal craton in southern africa, and has an estimated total area of 65 000 km2 hunter, 1976. Stratigraphic and geochemical framework of the agouron drill. Download the latest version of adobe reader, free of charge. Special volume of the 24th colloquium of african geology. Journal of african earth sciences precambrian geology of. The precambrian rocks of ethiopia are important as they occupy the transition between the two structural and crustal domains of the east african orogen kazmin et al. Core rc09166 was collected in 1965 by lamontdoherty earth observatory from the rv robert d. Geology and total petroleum systems of the westcentral coastal province 7203, west africa by michael e. Precambrian research publishes studies on all aspects of the early stages of the composition, structure and evolution of the earth and its planetary neighbours.
Ermelo barberton musina louis trichardt rustenburg thabazimbi vryburg pofadder port nolloth vanrhynsdorp vredenburg worcester laingsburg oudtshoorn grahamstown. This publication is available only as a pdf document. Principles of precambrian geologyis an update to the 1991 book, precambrian geology. Plume erupted and 14 my after rift initiation on the ocean site. A list of the main geological and palaeontological events in south africa s geological history has been combined with the legend. An overview of the geology and major ore deposits of central. Academic staff members have diverse backgrounds, with excellent national and international reputations. Its originality lies in the fact that the regional geology of each. Geology and total petroleum systems of the westcentral. The geology of the country is the base for a large mining sector that extracts gold, diamonds, iron and coal from worldclass deposits. By international agreement, precambrian time is divided into the archean eon occurring between roughly 4. The new edition covers the same topics in a more concise and accessible format and is replete with explanatory figures, tables, and illustrations. Precambrian ironformations of southern africa economic.
Lower crustal exhumation under transtension during the. The ages of these events, relative to the time scale, have been indicated, and it can be seen that there are no major gaps present, with all the eras in the precambrian and. Geology and nonfuel mineral deposits of africa and the middle east. This paper is prepared within the frameworks of igcp project 470 and the associated brgm scientific project africa 19992004 to accompany the 1. Panafrican orogeny the university of texas at dallas. Regional geology of africa springerverlag berlin heidelberg new york london paris tokyo hong kong barcelona.
Tempos and events, in developments in precambrian geology 12. After the precambrian, geologic time intervals are commonly subdivided on the basis of the fossil record. We do not subscribe to macroevolutionary palaeontology and millions of. In the gourma and iforas regions mali rifting occurred around 800850 myr ago along the eastern margin of the west african craton with a triple. Physical geology 2nd edition by steven earle is licensed under a creative commons attribution 4. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. International geological map of africa digital ccgm cgmw. This list may not reflect recent changes learn more.
Geology and metallogeny of the precambrian basement of. The geology of central african republic car is part of the broader geology of africa. This book is dedicated to the many colleagues and the principal aim is to provide a broad view of students with whom we have worked in west africa west african geology as a whole, for undergraduates and who have stimulated and encouraged our teach who are studying for honours degrees in geology and ing and research in various ways. The west african craton and the pan african event, which presents the framework of west africa in the entire igneous metamorphic structural framework of africa consist of precambrian rocks that have been subjected to.
The geology of south africa is highly varied including cratons, greenstone belts, large impact craters as well as orogenic belts. Department of earth science research interests and current. The indian shield represents a vast repository of the precambrian geological record. The following 43 pages are in this category, out of 43 total.
Aug 09, 2014 oxford geology group is pleased to announce that alexandra witze, earth and planetary sciences correspondent for nature, will be talking to oxford geology group on thursday april 24 about the book she coauthored with jeff kanipe. Evidence for late precambrian plate tectonics in west africa. The juvenile growth stagesof the west africa craton. See actions taken by the people who manage and post content. The african upper mantle and its relationship to tectonics and.
Continental margin plate tectonism during the late precambrian in southern and central south west africa and western botswana is strongly suggested by. Abstract this paper briefly summarises the geological and geomorphological history of south africa. Journal of african earth sciences special issues elsevier. This history is then related to various problems affecting the construction of roads in south africa.
Thomas schluter geological atlas of africa geokniga. Pdf geology and mineralization of east africa rift system. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Fauremureta cgmw unesco copublication, with the financial support of brgm french geological survey high resolution scans in pdf, tiff and jpg formats. Pdf documents opened from your browser may not display or print as intended.
The atlas, sahara, red sea graben, syrabia, abyssomalia, east africa, madagascar, south africa. An appreciation of the magnificent sea and mountain views of the fairest cape can be enriched by knowledge of its geological foundations. Precambrian crustal structure in africa and arabia. One of the key maps from the exploration fabric of africa mapping project, geology and hydrocarbons displays the geology and significant tectonic features of the african continent. Geologic mapping of the study area revealed three dominant lithologic units namely. Geology and nonfuel mineral deposits of africa and the middle. The geological and structural evolution assessment of the basement complex rocks in iwaraja area, southwestern nigeria showed that the basement rocks comprise quartzites and quartzschists of the effon psammite formation, quartzmica schists, biotite schists, migmatitic gneisses, granitic gneisses, late and posttectonic granitic rocks including pegmatites, which have been. Facebook is showing information to help you better understand the purpose of a page. For best results viewing and printing pdf documents, it is recommended that you download the documents to your computer and open them with adobe reader. This balanced and comprehensive overview of geology, tectonics, and mineral resources of africa presents multifarious facets of archean to quaternary geology, including aspects of plate tectonics evolution and geological history of the earths oldest continent. Trauth 2nd fourcoloured revised and enlarged edition, with 417. Review of the basement geology and mineral belts of nigeria. Abstract precambrian geology, especially of the crystalline basement rocks, is complex. A climatic context for the outofafrica migration geology.
The main research areas are in petroleum geology, economic geology exploration geochemistry, tectonic evolution, geomorphology, integrated water resource management and groundwater studies under the leadership of the unesco chair. The mineral uraninite cannot survive prolonged contact with. The geology and engineering geology of roads in south africa paigegreen, p. Evidence lacking for secular variation fred tugume a,b, andrew nyblade a,c. With a focus on processoriented and comparative studies, it covers, but is not restricted to, subjects such as. Precambrian geology of the needle mountains, southwestern. Review article precambrian crustal structure in africa and arabia. Cratons themselves are tectonically inactive, but can occur near active margins, with the wac extending across 14 countries in western african, coming together in the late. The basement complex of nigeria is polycyclic and retains memories of events dating back to about 3000 m. Ethiopia is considered part of the horn of africa and is bordered by sudan to the west and southwest, djibouti to the east, somalia to the east. Summary of the geology of ethiopia the geology of the country underlies by rock types range in age from precambrian to recent.
Crustal scale transcurrent shearing in the paleoproterozoic sefwisunyani comoe region, west africa. Cenozoic volcanic rocks and associated sediments precambrian rocks. About half of the total area of nigeria landmass is underlain by rocks of the precambrian age known in the country as the basement complex. Nigeria is situated within the pan african mobile belt and sandwiched between the west african craton to the west, the taureq shield to the north and the congo craton to the southeast fig. This paper focuses on the uppermantle velocity structure of the african continent and its relationship to the surface geology. The dynamic evolution of the continental crust, by the same author.
For information on south africa s response to covid19 please visit the covid19 corona virus south african resource portal. Africa and south america began to separate ca 126 ma end barremian about 7 my after tristan. We used radiocarbon dating and tuning to the global benthic. The paleoproterozoic coppergold deposits of the gaoua. Pdf an overview of the geology and hydrogeology of nigeria. The precambrian sedimentary basins were developed on four major archaean nuclei dharwar, bastar, singhbhum and aravallibundelkhand. This category has the following 59 subcategories, out of 59 total. Remote sensing rs and geographic information system gis are essential tools for mapping and integration of geology, geomorphology, lithology, soil, drainage, lineament, slope, land usecover and other related features of a region. Possible late precambrian subduction zone in south west africa. As in other parts of africa, it suffered its most pronounced deformation and remobilisation during the pan african orogeny about 650450 m. Africas total land area is approximately 11,724,000 square miles 30,365,000 square km, and the continent measures about 5,000 miles 8,000 km from north to south and about 4,600 miles 7,400 km from east to west. First u pb zircon age of extrusive volcanism in the birimian supergroupof ghanawest africa. Some parts of the continent are over 3 billion years old, so they.
This paper not only aims to help address this challenge. Cape town geology department of geological sciences. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. Structural geology of the basement complex rocks in. Africa itself is made up of several pieces of ancient continentcalled cratonsthat became stuck together many millions of years ago how ancient are they. The east african rift system is increasingly viewed as a hydrocarbon exploration hotspot with recent discoveries in the albertine rift and offshore tanzania. Arabia and northeast africa figure 2, the damara kaokogariep belt and lufilian arc of southcentral and southwestern africa, the west congo belt of angola and congo republic, the transsahara belt of west africa, and the rokelide and mauretanian belts along the western part of the west african. An overview of the geology and hydrogeology of nigeria. These rocks are categorized into the following geological formations. Geological atlas of africa with notes on stratigraphy, tectonics, economic geology, geohazards, geosites and geoscienti. Island on fire the extraordinary story of laki, the volcano that turned europe dark.
North american precambrian geology a proposed young earth biblical model harry dickens, australia. The west african craton wac is one of the five cratons of the precambrian basement rock of africa that make up the african plate, the others being the kalahari craton, congo craton, saharan metacraton and tanzania craton. Gis formats available now to program sponsors, and to the general public in 2015. Geobulletin is a quarterly news bulletin published by the gssa with a circulation of approximately 2400 and a readership of 6000. Geology and geotectonic setting of the basement complex. The income from minerals and mineral products comprises about 16 per cent of the south african gross.
Geology of ethiopia ethiopia has a complex geological history represented in three major geological terrains. Implications on provenance and evolution akindele o. Geology and mineral resources of west africa wright. Jelsma encyclopedia of life support systems eolss the worldwide 1. Jul 15, 2012 gregory however showed interest in the geology of africa long before this expedition, impressed by the hypothesis of austrian geologist eduard suess. Archean first multicelled organism first onecelled organism age of oldest rock origin of the earth collectively called precambrian, comprises about 87% of the geologic time scale proterozoic cambrian. Geology and petroleum resources of central and eastcentral. The department of geology at uj is one of the premier earth science departments in south africa, and indeed, the african continent.
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